One of the most important decisions when buying an electric scooter is choosing between Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) and lithium batteries. Basically, these two batteries stand for different technologies that have their own merits and limitations. This article gives you details of these differences so that you can have a clear perspective on which battery type may be best suited for various applications and, more importantly, for an electric scooter.
Overview of AGM Batteries and Lithium Batteries
AGM batteries, known for reliability and durability, utilize a fiberglass mat to contain the electrolyte between the battery plates. This design offers excellent resistance to vibrations and reduces the likelihood of leakage. The sealed nature of these batteries amounts to a maintenance-free experience, which is highly valued especially in those applications where frequent battery maintenance is a hassle.
In contrast, lithium batteries represent a more modern approach. These batteries are famed for high energy density, meaning that they have more power in a smaller package than the AGM batteries. Additionally, lithium batteries charge faster and have a longer lifespan.
AGM Batteries vs. Lithium Batteries in Electric Scooters
For electric scooters, AGM batteries differ from lithium ones in many ways:
Impact of Battery Weight on Performance
Lithium batteries weigh substantially less than their AGM counterparts. They may weigh one-third the weight in many cases for a similar energy capacity. The reduction in weight not only improves the agility and acceleration of electric scooters but also enhances their range. For example, a lithium-battery scooter would travel a distance on a single charge that is 20-30% further than another scooter with an AGM battery of similar capacity. This is due to the fact that lithium batteries have higher energy density of between 150-200 watt-hours per kilogram, while AGM batteries have 30-40 watt-hours per kilogram.
Power Delivery and Efficiency
Lithium batteries hold a higher voltage level throughout the discharge cycle, which ensures that the electric scooter’s motor operates at peak efficiency for a longer period, resulting in speed and torque that don’t drop significantly as the battery is drained, thereby giving a more stable and fun ride. In contrast, AGM batteries experience a gradual decrease in voltage and performance as they discharge, which can lead to a noticeable reduction in scooter speed and responsiveness towards the end of the battery’s charge.
Temperature Sensitivity and Environmental Adaptability
AGM batteries exhibit robust performance across a wider range of temperatures. They are less likely to degrade in cold weather, maintaining close to their peak efficiency even below freezing temperatures. This makes AGM batteries particularly suitable for riders in colder regions, where lithium batteries’performance and capacity might drop by as much as 15-20% in low temperatures. Furthermore, AGM batteries are built to endure rough conditions without the risk of leakage, as they use a glass mat separator and sealed construction.
Cost Considerations
From a cost perspective, AGM batteries generally present a lower initial investment—often costing about 40-50% less than lithium batteries for comparable capacity. This makes them an attractive option for budget-conscious consumers or for applications where initial expenditure is a critical factor. However, it’s essential to consider that the lifespan of lithium batteries can be up to three times longer than that of AGM batteries. Lithium batteries can typically handle 500-1000 charge cycles before their capacity falls below 80%, while AGM batteries might start showing significant degradation after just 300-500 cycles.
How to Choose AGM Batteries vs. Lithium Batteries in Electric Scooters
Choosing the right battery for an electric scooter requires you to weigh the aforementioned factors against personal or organizational priorities:
Go for Lithium Batteries If:
- You commute long distances regularly, or you don’t like frequent charging. Lithium batteries are ideal if you need to travel over 30 miles without a recharge.
- You use your scooter daily. Lithium batteries have higher efficiency and longevity. They are great for people who want to use their scooter every day for daily commutes.
- You Seek Lower Long-Term Costs. Although their upfront cost is higher, lithium batteries can actually be more cost-effective over time because they essentially require no maintenance and can last longer.
Use AGM Batteries If:
- You live in a region with cold temperatures where lithium batteries might underperform. AGM batteries maintain their efficiency better in colder weather.
- Your scooter is used occasionally or for short trips. AGM batteries do not develop as many problems from non-use and also survive long periods of no charge without such fast degradation as lithium batteries do.
- Initial costs are a significant concern. AGM batteries are substantially cheaper upfront, making them a viable option for those looking to minimize initial expenses.
